Miklavž the unique St Nicholas celebration in Slovenia
When you think of the start of December, you probably think of spiced biscuits, putting out your shoe, and the well-known Sinterklaas parading with his helpers through the streets. But did you know Slovenia celebrates its own unique version of this children’s festival? Meet Miklavž, the Slovenian St Nicholas. A tradition full of atmosphere, suspense and remarkable characters. If you’re planning to visit Slovenia in winter, experiencing this festival is an unforgettable cultural experience. In this blog, we’ll introduce you to the world of Miklavž and his helpers.
Who is Miklavž?
At first sight Miklavž looks very much like the Sinterklaas we know. He’s based on the same historical figure, Saint Nicholas of Myra. Like his Dutch counterpart, Miklavž is an old, wise man with a long white beard. He wears a bishop’s robe, a mitre and carries a golden staff. In his big, heavy book it’s written exactly which children have been good in the past year and who has been a bit cheeky. On 6 December, St Nicholas’ Day, he visits children to reward them for their good behaviour. That’s where the similarities end, because Miklavž does not arrive by steamboat and has no ‘pieten’ as helpers.
Angels and Devils as Miklavž’s Helpers
In Slovenia, Miklavž is accompanied by a remarkable duo: angels and devils. These characters represent the age-old battle between good and evil and play a central role in Slovenian tradition.
The Frightening Parklji Devils
The most impressive—and for children also the most exciting—figures are the ‘Parklji’. These are devilish, krampus-like creatures with horns, dark fur and terrifying masks. They run through the streets, rattle chains and make a racket to scare the children a little. The Parklji are there to warn naughty children. They carry a switch (a bundle of twigs), symbolising the punishment waiting for mischievous children. While they look scary, their role is above all theatrical. Miklavž always keeps them in check and their purpose is more to impress than to truly frighten.
The Kind-hearted Angels
In contrast to the dark Parklji, there are the angels. These calm-looking figures in white robes help Miklavž with his duties. They soothe the children startled by the Parklji and assist in handing out gifts to the good children. The angels symbolise good and the reward that follows right behaviour. Together Miklavž, the angels and the Parklji form a fascinating spectacle that lies at the heart of the tradition: rewarding the good and warning the naughty.
How Slovenians Celebrate Miklavž
The celebration of Miklavž is a festival deeply rooted in Slovenian culture. It’s a mix of solemn processions, cosy markets and exciting family traditions.
The Exciting Evening of 5 December
The excitement begins on the evening of 5 December. Before going to bed, children leave a shoe on the windowsill or a bowl on the table. They polish their shoe extra well, hoping Miklavž will fill it during the night. They go to sleep full of anticipation, curious about what the next morning will bring.
Processions and Parades
Many Slovenian towns and villages organise Miklavž processions on 5 December, as dusk falls. Miklavž walks solemnly through the streets, accompanied by his angels and a horde of noisy Parklji. These parades are a real spectacle. The Parklji run wild through the crowds, teasing onlookers, while Miklavž keeps order and hands out sweets. It’s a special event the whole community turns out for. Especially in bigger cities like Ljubljana and Maribor, these processions are impressive, but even smaller villages have an authentic and intimate atmosphere.
A Surprising Morning on 6 December
On the morning of 6 December, children rush with anticipation to their shoe or bowl. If they’ve been good, they find it filled with treats and little gifts. Don’t expect big expensive toys—the tradition is more modest.
- Sweets and chocolate
- Dried fruit, such as figs and dates
- Nuts and apples
- A traditional honey biscuit (medenjaki) in the shape of Miklavž
- Small practical gifts like socks, gloves or a scarf
But what if you haven’t been so good? Then you might find a switch or even a piece of coal left in your shoe by one of the Parklji. Often it’s a mix: some sweets along with a little switch as a playful warning to do better in the year ahead.
Tips for Experiencing Miklavž Yourself
Will you be in Slovenia at the start of December? Then you really shouldn’t miss this special celebration. It’s a wonderful way to discover the local culture. Here are a few tips:
- Visit a Miklavž market: In the days before 6 December you’ll find special markets in many towns. Here you can buy traditional honey biscuits, handmade presents, and sample local delicacies. The atmosphere is warm and festive.
- Attend a procession: Ask locally about the time and route for the Miklavž parade. The procession in central Ljubljana is grand and spectacular, but a village procession will give you an even more authentic experience.
- Don’t be startled by the Parklji: Be prepared for the Parklji devils, who can be noisy and a little scary. It’s all part of the folklore and fun. Slovenians—young and old—clearly enjoy this exciting element.
- Taste the tradition: Buy a honey biscuit shaped like Miklavž. These ‘medenjaki’ are not only delicious, but also make a lovely souvenir.
A Tradition to Treasure
Miklavž is more than just a children’s festival; it’s a living tradition that brings communities together and connects generations. The Slovenian St Nicholas celebration is less commercial and perhaps even purer than what we’re used to in the Netherlands. It’s all about the symbolism of good and bad, the excitement of the night, and the joy of the morning. It’s a festival full of warmth, folklore and enchanting atmosphere. Visiting Slovenia in early December is a perfect opportunity to take part. An experience that’s guaranteed to give your holiday a golden touch.
